based survey of adults aged ≥20 years, sampled a total of 1,13,043 individuals (33,537 urban and 79,506 rural residents) in 31 States and Union Territories of the country using a stratified, multistage sampling design.  In this large representative sample of individuals from both urban and rural India, the study measured the prevalence of metabolic NCDs such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidaemia. It also identified regional and state-level variations in the prevalence of these NCDs across the nation. Urban regions had higher rates of all metabolic NCDs than rural areas, with the exception of prediabetes. Dr R.M.Anjana, Managing Director, of Dr Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre (DMDSC) and President, of Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF) commented that they at MDRF are more than proud to be spearheading this herculean task as the national coordinating centre for the study with generous support from ICMR and Ministry of Health, Government of India. The in-depth report is likely to have a huge impact on the healthcare policies for the country specific to NCDs. The findings of this study are very significant as they provide robust estimates of NCDs for the nation. Compared to earlier estimates, India currently has a substantially greater prevalence of metabolic NCDs. According to Dr V.Mohan, Chairman, of Dr Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre (DMDSC) and Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF) and senior author of the study, their study results have multiple implications for the planning and provision of health care in India. State governments in India, who are primarily in charge of providing healthcare in their respective regions, will be especially interested in the detailed state-level data on these NCDs as it will allow them to develop evidence-based interventions to successfully halt the progression of NCDs and manage their complications.