own experiences of various schemes that he pioneered such as the Sarv Shiksha Abhiyaan, PM Awaas Yojana, and many other projects.  Srinivas Katikithala (IAS), Director, Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA), threw light on the issue of effective implementation of policies and the importance of the capacity building. Quoting examples from his own field experience in Gujarat, he shared information on policy cases with the audience, which has been imbibed into national policies owing to their successful implementation. He emphasised the significance of planning while formulating a policy and identifying the soft spots where policy can make a difference. He talked about Mission Karmayogi and the capacity-building ecosystem at LBSNAA, and the transformational steps being taken undertaken in recent times. Jugal Kishore Mohapatra (IAS Retd.) Former Chief Secretary, of the Government of Odisha, stated that when it comes to policy making and implementing government schemes and projects, there cannot be one cookie-cutter model that fits all in a country like India which has such diverse states, both geographically and culturally.  What may work in western states may not work in northeastern states. Therefore, rolling out pilot projects goes a long way as the situation on the ground always differs from ideal cases.